Research that Adapts Information Retrieval Based on a User...

As the number of Internet users and the number of accessible Web pages grows, it is becoming increasingly difficult for users to find relevant documents to their particular needs. In this paper, we report on research that adapts information retrieval based on a user profile. Ontology models are widely used to represent user profiles in personalized web information retrieval. Many models have utilized only knowledge from either a global knowledge base or a user local information for representing user profiles. A personalized ontology model is used for knowledge representation and reasoning over user profiles. This model uses ontological user profiles based on both a world knowledge base and user local instance repositories. It is observed†¦show more content†¦Many researchers have attempted to discover user background knowledge through global or local analysis to represent user profiles. i) Motivation The basic objective regarding this project is to achieve high performance in web information retrieval using a personalized ontology model. Most of the times when user searches for some information with some ideas in mind , It is always the case that he didn’t get the information exactly as he wants in first page . He has to go through different pages until he get the information exactly as per his concept. The basic idea is to create ontological user profiles from both a world knowledge base and user local instance repositories in order to have a fast information retrieval as per the concept model of the user. ii) Existing systems Commonly used knowledge bases include generic ontologies, thesauruses, and online knowledge bases. The global analysis produce effective performance for user background knowledge extraction but it is limited by the quality of the used knowledge base. Local analysis investigates user local information or observes user behavior in user profiles. Analyzed query logs to discover user background knowledge is used. Users were provided with a set of documents and asked for relevance feedback. User background knowledge was then discovered from this feedback for user profiles. The discovered results may contain noisy and uncertain information. iii)Show MoreRelatedEssay On User Profiling1081 Words   |  5 PagesUser Profiling: A Survey from Modeling to Personalization Abstract The growth of the available information on the web and the diversity of its users is a valuable resource for personalization. The user profile includes the essential information about the user and it is an outcome of the user profiling process. Building and maintaining dynamic user profile is the main challenge in developing an effective personalized application. Many research projects and companies are interesting in developingRead MoreA Survey On Data Annotation For Web Databases1020 Words   |  5 Pagesongoing research field that related to the retrieval of the relevant web page results based on the user interest and preferences. ARUNPANDI.V, SUNDARAMOORHTY.S, VARADHARAJAN.E [18], proposed the personalization involve in collecting the user interests implicitly or explicitly called as user profile. Collecting the user interests in explicit manner is not so easy. Because the users are not interested to provide their interest to the server. So we go for other methods to create use r profile in implicitRead MoreInternet Marketing Relevance and Consumer Attitudes toward Internet Advertising1245 Words   |  5 PagesThis paper discusses internet marketing relevance and investigates antecedents of consumer attitudes toward Internet Advertisement. The analysis is based on a consumer survey conducted in India as well as other countries. For this purpose, a representative quota sample of Internet users in India has been interviewed. The finding of this study provides marketers with an understanding of consumers, their attitude toward advertising, so designers and marketers can better strategize their advertisingRead MoreEssay on Multi-Agents for Decision Support Systems in E-Systems4215 Words   |  17 PagesAbstract: With the advent of e-systems; business and consumers have access to a plethora of information which makes the decision making process more complex. The overwhelming information flow makes it extremely difficult for decision makers to analyze the available data and make precise decisions. Under such an information intensive online environment, businesses need to make real time intelligent decisions in order to stay economically and commercially viable. Multi agent systems have the inherentRead MoreTechnology And Its Effects On Technology1411 Words   |  6 Pages‘technologia’. Technology refers to the use of machines and various tools that make our daily work lives simpler, easier and organized. The word also refers to the different tools, gadgets, and resources used by humans so as to help them control and adapt to their environment appropriately (Bridgman, 5}. Technology also refers to the knowledge of techniques and processes and is embedded mostly in machines used a s factors of production in our factories. Embedding technology in computers and smart devicesRead MoreThe Application Of E Government7917 Words   |  32 PagesCHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION RESEARCH BACKGROUND The electronic Government as known as e-Government is one of the channel uses by government to interact to people such as community, government servants, individual (citizens and non-citizens) and businessmen. Some of the example of interaction are the communication of important information within government agencies and the transaction of online websites to citizens and non-citizens such as online tax registration and payment. In general, the developmentRead MoreDatabase And Research Question And Objectives1913 Words   |  8 PagesStudent name: Ying Bi Supervisor name: Gary wills Aims/research question and Objectives Aims: 1.Designing an IAM (Identity Access Management) system based on Ethereum provides a more resilient framework for Service integration. 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Although on the one hand it is brought about by differences in access to information, skills, abilities, values, beliefs attitudesRead More The Impact of Emerging Technology on the Public Sector Essay4849 Words   |  20 PagesThe Impact of Emerging Technology on the Public Sector The impact of information technology has been tremendous within the public sector. Over the years, the growth and development of technology has caused the public sector to change. One of the most significant changes in technology has been the evolution of the information systems and how their development has reshaped the way the world uses technology. â€Å"It has been just over fifty years since the worlds first programmable computer becameRead MoreInternet Cafe Monitoring6799 Words   |  28 PagesCHAPTER I THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND ITS RATIONALE INTRODUCTION. Information technology at the present time is vast and progressive. It is being integrated to almost most of our daily activities. It is so progressive that one must always be informed and skilled to keep pace of the changing technology. With this reality, many ideas and improvements are designed and developed to make computer technology attainable and flexible. People of all ages must be prepared and equipped with all

Understanding Inclusive Learning and Teaching in Lifelong Learning Free Essays

Form 2Assessment front sheet and feedback record PTLLS Level 3/4 Unit No:| | Learner name:| | Enrolment number:| | Date issued:| | Date submitted:| | I confirm that the evidence for this unit is authentic and a true representation of my own work. Learner signature:| | Date:| | Feedback: Continue on a separate sheet if necessary, see overleaf Tutor/Assessor/Marker and IQA’s signatures (IQA if sampled) must appear on the following page. Learners do not complete this box| Feedback: Continued from previous page) | Marker/Tutor/Assessor name:| | Grade| | Date| | Resubmission date (if referred):| | Grade| | Date| | IQA’s name (if sampled)| | | Date| | Understanding inclusive learning and teaching in lifelong learning I have delivered a teaching session covering for a colleague on sick leave. We will write a custom essay sample on Understanding Inclusive Learning and Teaching in Lifelong Learning or any similar topic only for you Order Now It was the first time I had worked with the group within which there was an ESOL learner, a learner with dyslexia, a learner who receives learning support and a learner with disruptive tendencies. I am writing a journal entry for my professional development file which is presented according to the stages of the teaching cycle (See: Figure 1A The teaching cycle, Wilson, 2008, p15). This text is an analysis of the learning and teaching strategies used with an evaluation of the effectiveness of your approaches to learning and teaching in meeting the needs of learners. Also, this text is an analysis of how I selected resources to meet the needs of learners with an explanation of how I created assessment opportunities that met the needs of learners. It has been a great challenge to deliver a unique teaching session to these learners for the first time. To ensure teaching to be effective, I have followed the teaching cycle mentioned earlier as follows: the Identify need stage; the Design stage; the Implement stage and the Evaluation stage. * The Identify need stage: Before the session day, I have gathered as much information as accessible, related to the all group of learners (i. e. umber of students, general behaviour of the group, etc. ), the programme’s progression (In this instance, based on an existing standardisation I have found out what had been taught previously and what I had had to teach. ). During the session, I started by introducing myself to the group with an explanation of the reasons why I was standing in front of them. This enabled the learners to acknowledge me as their teacher and get ready for the session. Then, I did a diagnostic assessment through an ice-breaker to ascertain the learners had prior knowledge of the subject to be taken, to identify their preferred learning styles, to let them to choose a colour (The colour was used as font for a power point presentation and prints on pastry paper to help the dyslexic learner. ) and to enable them introduce each other. I skipped the information, advice and guidance (IAG) procedures because the course is standardised and the group has attended few sessions with my colleague in the past. The Design stage This stage was important because â€Å"To fail to plan is to plan to fail† (Petty 2004: 422). I did not need to create a scheme of work because my colleague was expected to return back to teach the next sessions. I prepared a session plan to reflect how I would create an inclusive teaching session. I created hand-outs (In this instance, I used on side of coloured pastel paper to suit the dyslexic learner) and power-point presentati on which promote all aspects of society, equality and diversity. I had a contingency plan in case anything has gone wrong. Having taken into account the fact that their learning needs, learning styles and learning goals were quite different, I planned for a differentiated delivery to address individual differences. I included small group work to suit kinaesthetic learners and weak learners (In this instance it is about the ESOL learner and the learner who receives learning support), discussion to suit auditory learners and simulation to suit visual learners. * The Implement stage After discussion with the learners, we agreed and established ground rules to promote good behaviour and respect for everyone in the group. Soon after the ice-breaker activity, I used another activity to negotiate with the learners, ground rules which banned disruptive tendencies expressively. Each rule of the ground rules was written by one learner on a single A4 paper visible during the session. Like the other learners of the group, the learner with disruptive tendencies felt included with the opportunity to take ownership, then, followed the rules. I avoided favouritism and positive discrimination. I ensured to comply with the Equality Act (2010) and to include all learners in the session. The ESOL learner was allocated extra time to complete tasks. The learner who receives learning support had the opportunity to work collectively with other learners of the group. To meet the needs of the dyslexic learner, the chosen colour of the group was used on hand-outs and as the power-point slides’ font. How to cite Understanding Inclusive Learning and Teaching in Lifelong Learning, Essays

Farley Essay Example For Students

Farley Essay Dear Lord, as I stumble through this life help me to create more laughter than tears, dispense more happiness than gloom, spread more cheer than despair. Never let me become so blase that I fail to see the wonder in the eyes of a child, or a twinkle in the eyes of the aged. Never let me forget my work is to cheer people, make them happy, make them laugh, make them forget at least for a moment the unpleasantness in their life. Never let me acquire success to the point that I discontinue calling on my Creator in the hour of need, acknowledging and thanking Him in the hour of plenty. And in my final moment may I hear You whisper, When you made my people smile, you made Me smile. This prayer was named The Clowns Prayer which was given at Chris Farleys funeral by a close relation. Before this speech is over, you will know about the early years of Chris Farleys life and how he became such an astonishing actor. Secondly, you will be informed on some of his greatest achievements. Finally, hi s addiction to drugs and how it led to his sorrowful death. II. First I would like to tell you a little bit about Chriss early years and how he hit it big. We will write a custom essay on Farley specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now A. He was born on February 15, 1964 to Tom and Mary Ann Farley in Madison, 1.He has three brothers named Kevin, John, Tom, and a sister named Barbara. 2. He was a hit at home along with making others laugh at summer camp and also Madisons Edgewood High School. 3. He graduated from Marquette University with a degree in Communications and4. Chris then went on to work alongside his Dad at Madison Scotch Oil Company. B. Chris started his acting career with a group called the Ark Improv Theatre group. 1. There he studied under legendary director Del Close at the Improv Olympic Theatre. 2. Other actors that studied under Close were John Belushi and John Candy. 3. After the Ark Improv Theatre, Chris went on to study at Chicagos Second City Theatre where he was discovered by Saturday Night Lives producer Lorne Micheals and was brought on to the cast in the 1990-91 season. III. Secondly, I would like to tell you some about the next steps in Chris Farleys life where he became a member of the hilarious late night show Saturday Night Live and later went on to the big screen. A. Chris became a favorite of the American people very quickly with his most popular roles such as:1. Himself as the host of The Chris Farley Show. 2. An over-zealous Chippendales dancer along side heart throb, Patrick Swayze. 3. A thrice-divorced motivational speaker that lives in a van down by the river. B. Though still making people laugh on Saturday Night Live, Chris finally started his movie career. 1. In 1992, Chris starred briefly as a security guard in Waynes World. 2. He also starred briefly in other movies such as Waynes World 2 (1993), Coneheads (1993), Airheads (1994), and Billy Madison in 1995 where he received little pay for his presence. 3. He then left Saturday Night Live in the 1994-95 season along with a few other popular cast members to work on his movie career. 4. His first major film was Tommy Boy (1995) which he starred along side past S.N.L member and long time friend David Spade. Farley grossed around 10 million for this film. This movie was quickly considered a classic among the many fans so the duo decided to launch another great movie, Black Sheep (1996). .ud9c18c57c0cd03ff73b12a3e27abb540 , .ud9c18c57c0cd03ff73b12a3e27abb540 .postImageUrl , .ud9c18c57c0cd03ff73b12a3e27abb540 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud9c18c57c0cd03ff73b12a3e27abb540 , .ud9c18c57c0cd03ff73b12a3e27abb540:hover , .ud9c18c57c0cd03ff73b12a3e27abb540:visited , .ud9c18c57c0cd03ff73b12a3e27abb540:active { border:0!important; } .ud9c18c57c0cd03ff73b12a3e27abb540 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud9c18c57c0cd03ff73b12a3e27abb540 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud9c18c57c0cd03ff73b12a3e27abb540:active , .ud9c18c57c0cd03ff73b12a3e27abb540:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud9c18c57c0cd03ff73b12a3e27abb540 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud9c18c57c0cd03ff73b12a3e27abb540 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud9c18c57c0cd03ff73b12a3e27abb540 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud9c18c57c0cd03ff73b12a3e27abb540 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud9c18c57c0cd03ff73b12a3e27abb540:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud9c18c57c0cd03ff73b12a3e27abb540 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud9c18c57c0cd03ff73b12a3e27abb540 .ud9c18c57c0cd03ff73b12a3e27abb540-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud9c18c57c0cd03ff73b12a3e27abb540:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Spring Awakening at the University of Illinois at Urbana – Champaign Essay5. He then went solo in his next film, Beverly Hills Ninja (1996), where he grossed his second largest paycheck of approximately 6 million dollars. 6. After Beverly Hills Ninja, Chris went on to star briefly in Dirty Work (1998) and also played a role along side Friends superstar, Matthew Perry in Almost Heroes (1998). Farleys career, and his life, sudden came to a halt due to his long time drug addiction. IV. Finally, on December 18, 1997, Christopher Crosby Farley was pronounced dead in hisChicago apartment due to an overdose of heroin and opium. A. Chris, much like his mentor John Belushi, had a weight and drug problem. 1. Chris stood at 5 feet 9 inches. His Father was estimated to weigh around 600Pounds so you can see where he got his weight. Though he got laughed at many times because of his weight, he used this problem to help humor the audience. 2. Though he was a very loving and emotional man, his emotions mixed with the laughs made him get caught up in drugs. 3. His good friends tried to help him by sending him to weight loss programs and also drug rehabilitation centers. This worked for awhile but each time he got back on his feet, the problems started over again. 4. Because of this, the life of a great man and legend in my eyes, came to an end atthe young age of 33, just like his idol John Belushi. Many people believe that the life of a celebrity is nothing but fame and fortune. Chris Farley was at the top of his profession ever since he was young, while he was on the infamous late night show Saturday Night Live, and also in the limelight on the big screen. His struggles with weight and drugs finally got the best of him. I believe that people should remember Chris as being the king of comedy another celebrity that had a drug addiction. David Spade said it best in a 1998 issue of Rolling Stone, I would just like people to remember Chris as a guy who tried to make everyone happy in a world thats so hard and cruel. And, in a way, trying to make everyone happy cost him his life, because he did everything for everybody else and not for himself. Chris tried so hard to get everyone to like him. Meanwhile, the truth was that everyone already liked him too much. Bibliography:

The Meaning of Life Persuasive Essay Example For Students

The Meaning of Life Persuasive Essay What is the meaning of life? Everybody has his/her own opinionon what this meaning is. Michael Jordan, Oprah Winfrey, and MichaelJackson for example all have their own views. This is the meaning oflife according to Michael Jackson. Life blooms into flowers, lovesongs, music, and explodes into stars, nebulae, and galaxies. We exist inliving, pulsating, dancing universe, and we are a privileged speciesbecause the creative force of all life is most alive in our souls.Iagree with this philosophy for many reasons. I will explain them inthis essay. The first part of the quote is very powerful. Life bloomsinto flowers, love songs, music, and explodes into stars, nebulae andgalaxies. To me this means that life can be very simple and slowwith not a whole lot to worry about, while at the same time somewhereelse it can be very complex and fast paced with numerous things allhappening at one time. The blooming flowers, love songs, and musicrepresent the slow, simple, worry free part of life. The stars, nebulae,and galaxies represent the fast, complex part of life. Life is simple inthe way of nature and things that happen in it, but complex in the wayof living and making it through hard times. We will write a custom essay on The Meaning of Life Persuasive specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We exist in a living, pulsating, dancing universe, and we are aprivileged speciesThis part of the quote to me means the worldaround us is always changing and that we should be lucky to have evenbeen here to begin with. pulsating, dancing universe representsthe part of life that we can do nothing about. This means naturaldisaster and problems in our world such and pollution and the ozonelayer. We are privileged because we have survived such things andhave learned to live with them. because the creative force of all life is most alive in our souls. The final part of the quote to me means that we have the power tocontrol some of the things that happen to us and around us, but mostof all we have the power to control our own mind and that we have thefreedom to do what we feel is right. If we believe in ourselves we canset our mind to accomplish just about anything. We have the power todo what ever make us happy. In conclusion, I believe that what ever happens in the world, weshould try to see the good, the bad and anything in between. Whatever a person might think or believe should not be criticized orjudged by anyone else. What happens in the world will happen nomatter what we do about it. Michael Jackson said it best with thisquote.

The Meaning of Life Persuasive Essay Example For Students

The Meaning of Life Persuasive Essay What is the meaning of life? Everybody has his/her own opinionon what this meaning is. Michael Jordan, Oprah Winfrey, and MichaelJackson for example all have their own views. This is the meaning oflife according to Michael Jackson. Life blooms into flowers, lovesongs, music, and explodes into stars, nebulae, and galaxies. We exist inliving, pulsating, dancing universe, and we are a privileged speciesbecause the creative force of all life is most alive in our souls.Iagree with this philosophy for many reasons. I will explain them inthis essay. The first part of the quote is very powerful. Life bloomsinto flowers, love songs, music, and explodes into stars, nebulae andgalaxies. To me this means that life can be very simple and slowwith not a whole lot to worry about, while at the same time somewhereelse it can be very complex and fast paced with numerous things allhappening at one time. The blooming flowers, love songs, and musicrepresent the slow, simple, worry free part of life. The stars, nebulae,and galaxies represent the fast, complex part of life. Life is simple inthe way of nature and things that happen in it, but complex in the wayof living and making it through hard times. We will write a custom essay on The Meaning of Life Persuasive specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We exist in a living, pulsating, dancing universe, and we are aprivileged speciesThis part of the quote to me means the worldaround us is always changing and that we should be lucky to have evenbeen here to begin with. pulsating, dancing universe representsthe part of life that we can do nothing about. This means naturaldisaster and problems in our world such and pollution and the ozonelayer. We are privileged because we have survived such things andhave learned to live with them. because the creative force of all life is most alive in our souls. The final part of the quote to me means that we have the power tocontrol some of the things that happen to us and around us, but mostof all we have the power to control our own mind and that we have thefreedom to do what we feel is right. If we believe in ourselves we canset our mind to accomplish just about anything. We have the power todo what ever make us happy. In conclusion, I believe that what ever happens in the world, weshould try to see the good, the bad and anything in between. Whatever a person might think or believe should not be criticized orjudged by anyone else. What happens in the world will happen nomatter what we do about it. Michael Jackson said it best with thisquote.

Plant Biotechnology essays

Plant Biotechnology essays The earth can be seen as an ecological system which includes the birth/death rates, water/air management, minerals/energy, and plant/animal life. When there is an imbalance in one of these systems, problems can arise. The plant/animal subsystem has four components: Food and population, minerals and energy, excretory, and biotechnology. The food and population system is the ratio between the calories of the living and human behavior. Currently, 1 trillion calories of food are needed per day. The energy and mineral system is comprised of the use of fuels, metal and resources that humans need to survive. The excretory system is the waste and pollution produced from the other subsystems. For example, the agriculture industry impacts the soil and climate of the environments. Pesticides seep into the ground water and linger in foods causing precious resources to be lost. In order to sustain the ecological system, water, soil and sunlight are needed to produce food. The ways to increase the production of food are to increase the acres under cultivation or to increase the yield of current crops. To do this, the fourth system of biotechnology is necessary to ease the strain on the other three systems because it conserves resources and produces higher crop yields. Although there may be draw back and potential dangers of biotechnology, countries that have problems with population and food such as China, need to use this and other technology to increase their food supply. The problem of overpopulation with not having enough food has always existed worldwide, but primarily in China. In 46 years, the worlds population has increased from two billion to six billion people. China has tried family planning in order to combat its population problems. Each family is allowed to have only one child and special permission is needed to have that one child. Failure to follow the one child rule results in economic hardships for the family. These reper...

Using the Latin Intensive Pronoun Ipse (Self)

Using the Latin Intensive Pronoun ''Ipse'' (''Self'') When learning Latin, intensive pronouns function much as they do in English, intensifying the action or the noun they modify. For example, in English, we might say, The experts themselves say so. The intensive pronoun themselves  intensifies the noun experts, with the implication that if the emphasized experts say so, it must be correct. The intensive pronoun in the following Latin sentence,  Antonius  ipse  me laudavit,  means Anthony himself praised me. In both Latin ipse and English himself, the pronoun intensifies or emphasizes the noun. Ipso Facto The expression ipso facto is the best-known remnant in English of the Latin intensive pronoun. In Latin,  ipso  is masculine and in agreement with facto. Its in the ablative case (ablative indicates that a thing or person is being used as an instrument or tool by another and is translated as by or by means of). Thus ipso facto means by that very fact or act; as an inevitable result. A Few Rules There are a few generalizations we can make about Latin intensive pronouns: They intensify (thus, their name) the function or the noun they modify.Latin intensive pronouns  typically translate as the English -self pronouns: myself, yourself, herself, himself, itself in the singular and ourselves, yourselves and themselves in the plural.  But they  can also translate in English as the very... as in  femina ipsa...  (the very woman as an alternative to the woman herself).Latin intensive pronouns double as adjectives  and take the same form when doing so.   Intensive vs. Reflexive Intensive pronouns are often confused with Latin reflexive pronouns, but the two types of pronouns  have different functions. Latin reflexive pronouns  and adjectives (suus, sua, suum) show possession and translate as his or her own, its own, and their own. The reflexive pronoun must agree with the noun it describes in gender, number, and case, and the pronoun always refers back to the subject. Intensives emphasize other words besides the subject. This means that reflexive pronouns can never be nominative. Intensive pronouns, on the other hand, do not indicate possession. They intensify and they can be any case, including nominative. For example: Intensive pronoun:  Praefectus honores civibus ipsis dedit.  (The prefect bestowed/gave honors on/to the citizens themselves.)Reflexive pronoun:  Praefectus honores sibi dedit.  (The prefect bestowed/gave honors on/to himself.) Declension of Latin Intensive Pronouns   Singular (by case and gender: masculine, feminine, neuter) Nominative:  ipse, ipsa, ipsumGenitive:  ipsius, ipsius, ipsiusDative:  ipsi, ipsi, ipsiAccusative:  ipsum, ipsam, ipsumAblative:  ipso, ipsa, ipso Plural (by case and gender: masculine, feminine, neuter) Nominative: ipsi, ipsae, ipsaGenitive: ipsorum, ipsarum, ipsorumDative: ipsis, ipsis, ipsisAccusative: ipsos, ipsas, ipsaAblative: ipsis, ipsis, ipsis

Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 17

Journal - Essay Example I am extremely irritated by the questions Amelie asks. Why would someone care about the color of dresses I wear, the colors I don’t wear, the type of hairstyle I carry, the time I wake up and the genre of movies I like. It is my life - my very personal life - and I don’t want to tell it off to anyone. I want my space which Amelie continuously is trying to diminish. At times I feel Amelie is a psychiatrist that my family hired to know any psychological issue I have. I don’t believe that someone would want to waste hours and hours to know about my life, likes, dislikes and spend time talking to me only. So, I think she is trying to ask me tricky questions and once I answer them she notes them regularly. What would be next? She will make a report; prove me a psychopath and I would be sent to a rehabilitation centre. I don’t want it so I ignore her questions mostly, and she probably is too sincere with her profession so she keeps asking it until it’s he r time to go back home. There is yet another possibility that maybe, Amelie belongs to that class where the children get everything but lack attention from their families and she is trying to quench her thirst of love, care and feeling of belongingness by intruding into my life. So, may be Amelie is an attention seeker trying to gain my sympathies; but I don’t have the time to do that. Today, I ignored her questions and I feel more irritated by the thought that she did not mind it at all. She stayed around for 2 more hours just to ensure I was not angry with her and that I was okay. Who would want to have another mom-like-person anyways, I need to make Amelie understand this! I have my family to take care of my food, mood and health conditions. ::Sigh:: what more can I waste my time on, thinking about Amelie and observing her behavior? Oh God! Am I trapped? Yet another day full of irritation has passed. I

Discuss the influence of historical designers on current contemporary Assignment

Discuss the influence of historical designers on current contemporary interior design - Assignment Example The more interior designers became recognized as professionals, they began to rely on history and its concepts to create great results. This was seen in the decorating of some of the historic London mansions. History began to reflect in the designs as a way of preserving the past but yet looking toward the future. The Ancient Romans brought an influence of interiors when they demanded comfort, luxury and wealth. These are the basic elements that influence designers all over the world today. Tapestries, stonework, and lavish decorations remain popular today in other parts of the world as well as London. The ancient Romans loved quality textiles and expensive fabrics. The earliest designers emerged from the Roman Empire, however, were not given the label professional designers during that historical period. After Rome’s’ collapse, the church assumed power and many of the most creative designers were discouraged from change. Many lavish interiors were changed to quiet and simple oak panels with dark lines and more defined edges. This influence was seen all over Europe – from London to Italy. The Renaissance period emerged with many professional French inspired designers. Just as the Renaissance period brought many modern artists to the forefront, so did the profession of interior design. ... The actual profession of Interior Designers did not become known until later when it emerged from its domestic connections through education, standard setting, codes of conduct and granting of degrees. Trade and professional organizations began to form, which brought related publications such as textbooks and trade journals. Some of the earlier influences began with simple forms and visible construction as seen in many of the designs. They emphasized the quality of construction of the materials. The British influences started with floral or fauna prints and used the domestic scenes of the British countryside. Much of this is seen in the earlier wallpapers. Some earlier designers had workshops in rural areas, and used older quality workmanship techniques. The Gothic Period was a definite influence in the 1800s with the use of bold colors and bold forms. The Gothic Revival claimed a belief in the â€Å"moral purpose of art.† As a part of the Gothic Revival, designers remained tr ue to material, structure, and function of their designs. The style known as the Arts and Crafts came about partly as a reaction against the style of many items shown in the Great Exhibition of 1851. These items were very ornate, artificial, and ignored the quality of the materials used. The art historian Nikolaus Pevsner said that this exhibition showed â€Å"ignorance of the basic need in creating patterns, the integrity of the surface,† and â€Å"vulgarity in detail.† This exhibition brought about design reform from the organizers of the exhibition itself. Some of the organizers were Henry Cole, Owen Jones, Matthew Digby Wyatt and Richard Redgrave. They began to set standards for designs in order to preserve the workmanship

An Outline of Performance Anxiety in Female Athletes Essay Example for Free

An Outline of Performance Anxiety in Female Athletes Essay Have you ever felt an overwhelming feeling of fear or nervousness, prior to competing in an important event? Did it affect your ability to perform? If so, you may be familiar with performance anxiety. An athlete suffering from performance anxiety often will perceive competitive situations as threatening, which can result in feelings of apprehension, fearfulness and tension (Patel, Omar, Terry, 2010). Interestingly, studies have found the prevalence of sport-related performance anxiety to be much higher in female athletes than male athletes (Thatcher, Thatcher, Dorling, 2004, Patel et al, 2010). See more: essay apa format Thatcher (2004) found that while examining temporal patterning of anxiety and hormonal responses prior to competition, females exhibited an â€Å"increases in cognitive and somatic anxiety intensity levels.† These symptoms can often result in performance that is well below demonstrated abilities, injury, or avoidance of participation altogether. The goal of this report is to outline symptoms and effects of performance anxiety, discuss factors that influence the phenomenon, and recommend anxiety-management techniques for female athletes. Physical and Psychological Effects Athletes suffering from performance anxiety often exhibit cognitive, behavioural, and physiological signs and symptoms (Patel et al, 2010). Some of the main cognitive symptoms include; indecision, poor concentration, feelings of fear, and loss of self-esteem (Cox, 2007, p. 201). Behavioural signs and symptoms often consist of; demonstration of nervous habits, such as biting nails and fidgeting, withdrawal, aggressive or irritable behaviour, and perceived inability to compete. Physiological symptoms include; heightened blood pressure and heart rate, sweating, dry mouth, trembling, blushing and muscle tension (Patel et all, 2010). Hormonal changes can also play a role, as Thatcher (2004) found in his study, a decrease in adrenaline and nor adrenaline can be present in female athletes prior to competition. Factors and Influences Common factors that can contribute to performance anxiety include; fear of performance failure, negative social evaluation and/or physical harm, as well as disruption of a well learned routine (Cox, p.201, 2007). The effects of these factors can be further heightened in correlation with importance of an event, or the level of competition. These fears and feelings of anxiety may affect the athlete’s perception of their abilities and hinder their self-confidence, which can be detrimental to their performance. Patterns of perfectionism can also lead to sport-related anxiety, mainly involving setting exceptionally high performance standards of oneself (Cox, p.202, 2007). Setting high standards can often be beneficial to a performance, but athletes that succumb to unrealistic thoughts, that nothing but a perfect/ideal performance is good enough, are more likely to experience negative emotions and heightened levels of anxiety due to the discrepancy between ideal and current self/situation (Koivula, Hassmà ©n, Fallby, 2001). Recommendations Management of performance and competitive anxiety can be challenging. The first strategy would be to consult with a clinical psychologist, who will often suggest a behavioural approach. These approaches have been found to be the optimal coping strategy for sport-related anxiety, specifically Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) (Patel et al, 2010). CBT examines how attitudes, beliefs, opinions and behaviours are formed, how they affect success, and how changing them impacts on performance (Joseph, 2010, p.2). The aim of CBT is to target and address negative thoughts and behaviours that underline anxiety symptoms. This is done by enforcing cognitive restructuring such as positive self-talk, modifying negative self talk and challenging negative expectations, as well as implementing relaxation techniques, exposure methods and relapse prevention (Patel et al, 2010). Coaches can also play an influential role in the factors that affect the development of performance anxiety. Athletes who perceive their coaches as supportive of their efforts experience higher levels of sport enjoyment and lower anxiety. (Smith, Smoll, Cumming, 2007) Conclusion Performance anxiety can negatively affect an athlete’s state of mind, hindering their ability to successfully perform competitively, more commonly seen in female athletes. The physical and psychological effects can cause heightened stress in an athlete which can result in complete withdrawal from competition. Behavioural and cognitive interventions are used to teach the athlete coping skills and enforce relapse prevention plans, in hopes to rid the athlete of performance anxiety sign and symptoms.

Internet Regulation :: Internet Essays

Internet Regulation What is the Internet? The definition of the Internet put in one sentence is: A worldwide network of computer networks that use the TCP/IP network protocols to facilitate data transmission and exchange, where anyone with a computer can access the internet through an ISP (Internet Service Provider). The Internet consists of a three level hierarchy composed of backbone networks (e.g. ARPAnet, NSFNet, MILNET), mid-level networks, and stub networks. These include commercial (.com or .co), university (.ac or .edu) and other research networks (.org, .net) and military (.mil) networks and span many different physical networks around the world with various protocols, chiefly the Internet Protocol. The Internet is a global network connecting millions of personal, institutional and company computers. The number of computers used by the internet is growing rapidly. The United States is connected with over 100 countries worldwide and linked together to exchange of data, news and opinions. The Internet is decentralized design. This means that there isn't just one computer that stores all of the information from the Internet. There are many independent host servers located throughout the US and the world that store the information made available to the global Internet community. The Internet is primarily used for these functions: 1. To send and receive e-mail. 2. To transfer files from one computer to another (the files may be text, images, audio, video, etc.). 3. Research to locate information for either government, educational, commercial, etc. 4. To communicate with other computers, either one at a time (Instant message) or many at once (chat rooms or discussion groups). The internet is a work in progress and will continue to evolve. What is Internet Regulation? Internet regulation is basically restricting or controlling access to certain aspects or information. Internet regulation consists of mainly two categories: Censorship of data, and controlling aspects of the Internet. Most of the Internet regulation is imposed by the Government in an effort to protect the best interest of the general public and is concerned with some form of censorship. Other forms of Internet regulation is domain registration, IP address control, etc. In domain registration, once a domain is purchased the Webmaster’s address has to be registered at the time of purchase. A governmental agency can track someone down if they put up information, that the government considers unacceptable. IP address is you Internet identity when you are connected to the web. It is synonymous to a postal address.

Living and Learning: the Right to Salvation (the Scarlet Letter)

The Scarlet Letter is a novel about love and jealousy, sin and shame, passion and compassion. It is a tale of a woman named Hester Prynne, who engaged in adultery with the town minister, and as a result, bore permanent consequences from this sin throughout the remainder of their lives. While Minister Dimmesdale denied this sin and expressed his regret through shows of self-abuse and crippling guilt, Hester embraced her sins as past experience and learned from them in order to find her own identity. While the entire novel is rich with allegory and imagery, the conclusion to be drawn is this: Free will is God’s indispensable gift to humanity, and we must allow ourselves to be open to salvation in light of the choices we make. This theme is expressed through the necessity of sin to find knowledge, Hester’s embracing of the scarlet letter, the difference in the quality of life between Hester and Dimmesdale based on their coping mechanisms, and the very being of Hester and Dimmesdale’s daughter, Pearl. As stated, a major theme in the novel is that of free will and necessary acceptance of the consequences of one’s decision. Hester and Dimmesdale’s situation is comparable to that of Adam and Eve. Like Adam and Eve, the characters in the novel are made aware of their humanness through sin, that is, the realization that free will separates them from other creatures. Once expelled from society, or in Adam and Eve’s case, the Garden of Eden, they are forced to toil and procreate, the tasks that seem to define the human condition. The story of Hester and Dimmesdale recalls the story of Adam and Eve because, in both cases, sin results in expulsion and suffering. However, most significantly, it also results in knowledge. The knowledge of what it means to be human. The scarlet letter was intended by the Puritan elders to be a mark of sinfulness, and therefore, shame. However, for Hester, the scarlet letter is â€Å"her passport into regions where other women dared not tread†, leading her to â€Å"speculate† about what she had always known and explore her inner self more â€Å"boldly† than anyone else in New England. As for Dimmesdale, the â€Å"burden† of his sin gives him â€Å"sympathies so intimate with the sinful brotherhood of mankind, so that his heart vibrates in unison with theirs. † His most articulate, powerful sermons were derived from the sense of empathy ained from experience. Hester and Dimmesdale contemplate their own sinfulness constantly, and try to repent it with the way they live their lives afterward. The Puritan elders, on the other hand, insist on seeing sinful experiences as a mere obstacle on the path to heaven. Hence, they view life on earth as insignificant, and sin as a threat to the community that should be severely punished and suppressed. While they punish Hester and Dimmesdale, their Puritan society is stagnant, while Hester and Dimmesdale's experience shows that imperfection and life experience are not evil. They are necessary to personal growth and true, deep understanding of others. Hester realizes and expresses that sin is forgivable, and at times necessary, to achieve a true personal identity in earthly life. After Hester is publicly shamed and forced by her society to wear the scarlet letter as a badge of humiliation, she is unwilling to pick up and leave the town. Although she is free to leave the Massachusetts Bay Colony, and doing so would allow her to remove the scarlet letter and live a life of quiet obscurity, she is unwilling to flee her â€Å"burden†. Hester even reacts with disappointment when Chillingworth tells her that the town fathers are considering allowing her to remove the letter. Hester's behavior is a result of her desire to find her own identity rather than to allow others to determine it for her. To her, running away or removing the letter would be an acknowledgment of society's power over her. She does not believe that the letter is a mark of shame and it is not something from which she desires to escape. She does not regret her action simply because she is told she should. Hester stays, refiguring the scarlet letter as a symbol of her own experiences and character. Her past sin is a part of who she is, and in her view, to pretend that it never happened would mean denying a part of her. Thus, Hester openly integrates her past sin into her life. Much unlike Hester, Dimmesdale is scared and ashamed of his past. His attempts to hide what he has done result in his life being a great deal unhappier than that of Hester, who is very candid about her past sins. This is a result of Dimmesdale’s struggles against a socially determined identity. Being that he is the minister of the community, he is often seen as more of a symbol than human being. With the exception of Chillingworth, those around the minister ignore his obvious anguish, instead interpreting it as a sign of holiness. Unfortunately, Dimmesdale never fully recognizes the truth of what Hester has known all along. Individuality and strength are gained by quiet self-assertion and not a rejection of one's construed identity. Pearl is the lovechild of Hester and Dimmesdale, the mark of their sin. In the novel, Pearl is predominantly a symbol. This symbolic role can be seen in her name. A pearl is the most perfect, innocent jewel. It is polished and defined in its shell by the roughness of the sand around her, and eventually will be released from the shell to become a beautiful, unique piece of jewellery. Throughout most of the novel she is quite young, and speaks relatively little. Her most significant contribution to the plot is the reaction she provokes in the other characters in the novel. She asks them blunt, direct questions and shows how ridiculous the denial, prejudice, and misdirection of the adult world really are. In the novel, Pearl is portrayed to be much more perceptive and honest than adults in the novel, despite (or due to) her youthful tactlessness. Pearl makes the readers and characters constantly aware of her mother's scarlet letter, and therefore, of the society that produced it. To Pearl, the scarlet letter is such a part of Hester that she does not recognize her without it. Pearl's innocent comments about the letter are surprisingly insightful, and raise significant questions about its meaning. Similarly, she inquires about the relationships between those around her [most importantly, the relationship between Hester and Dimmesdale] and offers her perceptive opinions of them. Pearl seems to be the only character to openly criticize Dimmesdale's refusal to simply admit to his adultery and move on. Once her father's identity is revealed, Pearl is no longer needed in this symbolic role. When Dimmesdale dies, she becomes a full human being, leaving behind her childhood naivety. Throughout the novel, the characters’ levels of contentedness are almost always inversely proportionate to their denial of their sins and themselves. God does not expect humans to be perfect. He is willing to forgive so long as we are ready to be forgiven. Hester and Pearl realize and acknowledge their imperfections, and revel in the knowledge that â€Å"perfection† leads to inertness, much like that of their Puritan society. Consequently, they live much better lives than that of Dimmesdale, who steadfastly denies his imperfections and spends incredible amounts of time punishing himself instead of getting on with his life. In light of the choices we make, we are always open to salvation. The only thing that can stop us is ourselves.

African American Social Standings Essay

The progression of African Americans in America began with a practice called slavery. Slavery is the state of a person who is the chattel of another. It began in 1441 when Portuguese men kidnapped 12 black Africans from Cabo Blanco and moved them to Portugal. This opened the door to slavery in the Americas. A British statesman stated that â€Å"Slavery is a weed that grows on every soil. † The first African Americans slaves in America were brought to Jamestown, Virginia as servants and or slaves in August 1619. In order for slavery to work Africans had to made to seem inferior, one of the main an most common ways to show this was through religious racism ( Aretha, David pg. 21 ) The practice of slavery was then sent to the south were they were put on plantations. Plantations consisted of a large mansion like home surrounded by a large farm where slaves planted and harvested crops and performed other jobs which they weren’t paid for. While on the plantation the slaves called the owner Master or Mistress, they provided the slaves with food housing and clothing. ( David Brion Davis, World Book online†¦ Slavery) While on these plantations many of the slaves faced severe consequence for disobedience. They received consequences for not working hard or fast enough, they would also be used as an example in order to control the others. Their harsh punishment would include branding, whipping, mutilation, chaining and sometimes the harshest punishment of all cold blooded murder. Slavery was one of the worst periods in American history. During this period of slavery there were few revolts but many runaways. While slavery continued to spread and get more brutal in the South, the North disagreed with the idea of free labor. Their difference fueled the abolitionist movement. The Abolitionist Movement was the first movement that lead to the African Americans’ political and physical freedoms from slavery. â€Å"Antislavery activity began in colonial days. During the 1680’s, Quakers in Pennsylvania condemned slavery on moral grounds. In the late 1700’s, several leaders of the American revolutionary movement, including Thomas Jefferson and Patrick Henry, spoke out against slavery. † (David Herbert Donald, World Book Online? Abolitionist Movement). During the start of the movement there were almost no public newspaper that publicized the abolishment of slavery. William Lloyd Garrison, an American journalist and abolitionist who became famous in the 1830 for denouncing slavery, published the first issue of his abolitionist newspaper The Liberator January 1st 1831, which was at that time the first Abolitionist newspaper. The reason William Garrison published the newspaper was because he was tired of the other methods that many abolitionists had tried. Garrison said slavery should be ended immediately. Another front runner during the Abolitionist Movement was Sojourner Truth. She was an ex-slave and also one of the main figures in the fight for women’s rights and equality. On January 1, 1863, the Abolitionist goals were reached when President Abraham Lincoln the 16th president issued his Emancipation Proclamation. It read that â€Å"all persons held as slaves† in rebellious states â€Å"are and henceforward shall be free† (McPherson, James M. World Book Online? Emancipation Proclamation. ) . Around the same time Congress passed the 25th Amendment into Constitution which therefore abolished slavery. Months later it was ratified. Following the Emancipation Proclamation, The North (union) and the South (confederate) began a civil war which lasted from 1861 to 1865. The war ended with many of the major cities in the South in ruins and most of the Northern cities left untouched. The Reconstruction period in the U. S followed the Unions victory over the Confederate Army in the civil war . The period was used to rebuild the south and patch-up the relationship between the North and South. Along with rebuilding and patching up relationships, the North sent teachers to the south to educated the African American ex slaves who had became newly members of the society. The teachers taught ex slaves reading, writing an arithmetic. The Reconstruction Act called for a new Constitution to be established in each state. It also gave Freedmen the right to participate in voting. The 14th Amendment was also passed and ratified during the Reconstruction period. â€Å"The 14th Amendment granted full citizenship to all people born or naturalized In the United States of America . Many of the laws passed during this period were set in place to protect the rights of former slaves, such as allowing blacks to vote an giving them many of the same rights as whites and protecting things dear to them such as property and money. During this period many advancements in society were made by African Americans, such as the Self-Leveling Table created by Charles William Allen , the corn planter check rower by Ralph W. Alexander and the spark plug by Edmond Berger these are only three of the more than 200 inventions/advancements made by African Americans during the reconstruction period. These African Americans, lead professions even when high limitations were placed upon them. (Aretha, David pg. 61) Advancements like these opened the door and let people know that African Americans were not incompetent but could actually make a difference in the world. Even though laws were set in place many southern whites still did not want to think an ex-slaves as anything close to equals. This lead to much violence and death of both whites and former slaves. â€Å"In time, southern whites regained control of their state governments and took away many of the rights that blacks had won during reconstruction. â€Å"( Stephen V. Ash, Work book online? Reconstruction). After the Reconstruction period ended and the North soldiers returned back home, which left ex slaves with no form of protection lead to extreme backlash against the African American community by whites. Following the Reconstruction period Jim Crow laws came into effect. Jim Crow laws resulted from the support southern whites and their effort to maintain segregation of blacks. These type of laws plagued the United States during the 19th century. The first type of Jim Crow law was set in place in Tennessee which called for the separation of African-American and white riders on the railway. This practice was soon adopted by other southern states. The spread of segregation laws through the South was supported by a many Supreme Court decisions. â€Å"( Joe R. Freagin, World Book online? Segregation) The Separate but Equal Doctrine arose during the period in which Jim Crow laws were on a rise. The Separate but Equal Doctrine stated that African Americans were equal to whites but should be kept separate from whites. The separate but equal doctrine was totally incorrect. For example Blacks and whites were separated in schools but the white schools had busing an the best books and teachers on the other hand the black schools had run down classrooms and unacceptable books. Blacks and whites were also separated in eateries, the White restaurants had the best locations and best accommodations on the contrary the black restaurants were small and modest. â€Å"Most of these Jim Crow laws were declared invalid by several Supreme Court decisions in the 1950’s and 1960’s and by the Civil Rights Acts of 1964 and 1968. † ( Alton Hornsby, World Book Online? Jim crow) During the 1950’s the Civil Rights Movement took flight along with desegregation. The Civil Rights Movement was just that a movement towards civil rights which were stated to be â€Å"The freedoms and rights that a person may have as a member of a community, state, or nation. † (Bruce Allen Murphy, World Book Online? Civil Rights) The first major event of the civil rights movement was the 1954 Supreme Court decision Brown vs. Board of Education, which desegregated public schools across the nation. Schools in the south were very slow in changing their ways and violence usually erupted when black students tried to register. Then, in 1955 in Montgomery, Alabama, a seamstress named Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on a Montgomery bus. After she was arrested for breaking the law, the Montgomery Bus Boycott began, For 382 days, from Dec. 5, 1955, to Dec. 20, 1956 blacks refused to ride Buses and carpooled to destinations. It ended Dec 20, 1956 with the Supreme-Court-ordering desegregation of Montgomery buses. The boycott brought fame to a reverend named Dr. Martin Luther King. During the Civil Rights Movement the most effective way to get things done many believed was through non violence. Non violence was not just a way of acting but a state of mind and doctrine which Martin Luther King Jr. took from Mahatma Gandhi he stated that with non violence you can move mountains. Some methods they used to get their point across were sit ins, boycotts, marches and public speeches. Although many activist believed in non violence there was another side to the Civil Rights Movement and that was the Black Power Movement. The Black Power Movement was a more radical movement than the Non Violent Movement. Front runners like Malcolm X and other influential faces such as Huey P. Newton and Bud Siegel who together formed the Black Panthers all believed that the white man was the problem and that in order to win equal rights that African Americans needed to start fighting fire with fire and bullets with bullets instead of the more passive ways of Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. ( Aretha, Chronicles pr. 261-300) In conclusion I believe that the law has provided African Americans with equal rights as whites but I believe that they may still appear not to be equal. In the 21st century I believe and know that there are many laws that seem to make African Americans and white equals but there is still much discrimination in the world. I also believe that the racism is not as bad but still exist, it just isn’t as blatant and in your face as it was in the past. African Americans still have trouble getting jobs, being accepted into organizations and colleges or university, But I do believe that we have made a 900 degree turn from the time where â€Å"Colored† and â€Å"White† signs decorated the front of every doorway, restroom and waterfountian in the southern U. S.

English Idioms and Expressions Using As...As

English Idioms and Expressions Using As...As The following idioms and expressions use the construction as ... as. Each idiom or expression has a definition and two example sentences to help the  comprehension of these common idiomatic expressions with as ... as. Once you have studied these expressions, test your knowledge with  these two quizzes (Common Idiomatic Phrases Quiz 1  and  Common Idiomatic Phrases Quiz 2) to see if youve mastered these common idioms yet. as bad as all that Definition: As bad something appears to be It isnt as bad as all that. Youll be fine tomorrow.Losing the game isnt as bad as all that. as big as life Definition: An exaggerated way to state that someone appeared in a particular place. There I saw him as big as life!John came in the room and stood there as big as life. as black as pitch Definition: Very dark I couldnt see a thing in the room because it was as black as pitch.I cant see a thing. Its as black as pitch. Get a flashlight. as blind as a bat Definition: Very bad eyesight Hes as blind as a bat. You can believe what he says.That ball was in! Youre as blind as a bat! as busy as a beaver / as busy as a bee Definition: Very busy I was as busy as a bee over the weekend. I got a lot done.Hes always as busy as a beaver. I wonder if he ever takes a break. as clean as a whistle Definition: Very clean That car is as clean as a whistle now that youve washed it.I like to keep my desk as clean as a whistle. as clear as crystal Definition: Very clear and understandable Let me be as clear as crystal. Hurry up!She was as clear as crystal about her intentions. as cool as a cucumber Definition: Calm and not nervous You have to remain as cool as a cucumber to be successful.I stayed as cool as a cucumber as finished the exercise. as crazy as a loon Definition: Very crazy Shes as crazy as a loon. You cant believe a word she says.I wouldnt worry about his opinion, hes as crazy as a loon. as dead as a doornail Definition: dead Thats as dead as a doornail. Forget about it.The project is as dead as a doornail. as easy as pie Definition: Very easy Youll find the exercise is as easy as pie.This game is as easy as pie. as far as possible Definition: As much as possible Ill see what I can do as far as possible.She went as far as possible in trying to get the project approved. as flat as a pancake Definition: Very flat Kansas is as flat as a pancake.Make sure the table is as a flat as a pancake. as free as a bird Definition: Feeling very free and care easy Our children are away for the weekend so were as free as a bird.I used to feel as free as a bird when I was younger. as good as done Definition: Almost done The job is as good as done.Were almost ready to begin. The cake is as good as done. as happy as a clam Definition: Very happy and content Im as happy as a clam living in Portland.She seemed as happy as a clam yesterday. as hard as nails Definition: Cruel and very hard Hes as hard as nails with his staff.Dont work for her. Shes as hard as nails. as hungry as a bear Definition: Very hungry Do you have a sandwich? Im as hungry as a bear.When we arrived I was as hungry as a bear. as innocent as a lamb Definition: Without guilt Theres no way she could have done that. Shes as innocent as a lamb.Hes only pretending to be as innocent as a lamb. as mad as a hatter Definition: Crazy Dont believe anything he says. Hes as mad as a hatter.They threw him out of court because he was as mad as a hatter. as old as the hills Definition: Very old My aunt is as old as the hills.That car is as old as the hills. as plain as day Definition: Simple, clear The facts are as plain as day.What you need to do is as plain as day. as pleased as punch Definition: Very happy with something Hes as pleased as punch with the new boss.Shes as pleased as punch with her new car. as quiet as a mouse Definition: Very quiet, shy She sat in the corner and was as quiet as a mouse at the party.Can you believe that he was as quiet as a mouse when he was a boy? as right as rain Definition: Genuine and true Yes, thats as a right as rain!She feels his views are as right as rain. as sick as a dog Definition: Very sick My brother is at home as sick as a dog.Im feeling as sick as a dog. I think I need to go home. As sly as a fox Definition: Smart and clever She understood the situation and used it to her advantage because shes as sly as a fox.Dont trust him because hes as sly as a fox. as soon as possible Definition: At the earliest moment possible Could you reply to my request as soon as possible.Ill get back to you as soon as possible with the information. Once you have studied these expressions, test your knowledge with quiz testing idioms and expressions with as ... as. You might also be interested in looking at forty common English idioms and expressions.

Definition and Examples of Sentence Case

Definition and Examples of Sentence Case Sentence case is the conventional way of using capital letters in a sentence or capitalizing only the first word and any proper nouns. In most newspapers in the U.S. and in virtually all publications in the U.K., sentence case, also known as down style and reference style, is the standard form for headlines. Examples and Observations The 100-year-old scientist who pushed the FDA to ban artificial trans fat.Barack Obama flies to thank troops who killed Bin Laden.FBI investigating Cardinals alleged hacking of Astros computer system.AP Style: HeadlinesOnly the first word and proper nouns are capitalized...APA Style: Sentence Style in Reference ListsIn titles of books and articles in reference lists, capitalize only the first word, the first word after a colon or em dash, and proper nouns. Do not capitalize the second word of a hyphenated compound.Librarians and bibliographers work with minimal capitals [i.e., sentence case], . . . yet [other options] are well established in literary tradition. For many people theres virtue in using [sentence case] in lists and bibliographies, but using one of the other options for titles quoted in the course of a written discussion.In major companies, the problem of consistency may be largely unreconcilable. The public relations department has to use a down style because it is writi ng for newspapers, but department heads insist on capitalizing the names of titles and departments... Sources The Washington Post, June 16, 2015The Guardian  [U.K.], May 7, 2011Democrat and Chronicle  [Rochester, N.Y.], June 16, 2015The Associated Press Stylebook: 2013, edited by Darrell Christian, Sally Jacobsen, and David Minthorn. The Associated Press, 2013(Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th ed. American Psychological Association, 2010Pam Peters,  The Cambridge Guide to English Usage. Cambridge University Press, 2004Donald Bush and Charles P. Campbell,  How to Edit Technical Documents. Oryx Press, 1995

Comparison between two advert Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Comparison between two advert - Essay Example The paper analyzes the two memorable ads presented by the Nike and Adidas. The two companies have very different approaches to their advertising techniques and style. Adidas normally focuses in the notion that any of their sportswear is strong and can withstand impossible pressures. For example, this ad http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8TnG7jyfoWI shows a man running and a background description that the man wears Nike. The other man, apparently carrying a 50-pound camera and filming the running man, wears Adidas. This theme of strength and durability presented by the ad reflects Adidas’ slogan of â€Å"Impossible is Nothing!† The idea this ad is trying to feed into the minds of the viewers is that with Adidas, you’re assured of a durable product which can withstand a heavier load than Nike can do. Nike on the other hand presents a different perspective of their slogan, â€Å"Just Do It!† For instance, in this YouTube video, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BO M1k4oLGJU Nike presents a commercial of Good vs. Evil which creates an illusion that skills are better than shear strength. Shot through the eyes of the soccer legends like French’s Zinedine Zidane and Eric Cantona, Brazil’s Ronaldo among others, who represents Nike and others evil men representing evil. With skills, the soccer stars manage to outdo the seemingly strong evil men in the soccer pitch. The two companies have differentiated themselves in terms of brand value and attributes of their products. However, both Nike and Adidas use some complex multimodal choices in attempts to appeal to their brand identity. In order to understand the complex nature of the ads, it is important to look at the frameworks of social semiotics, film theory, and branding (Roy 2006, p.27) that have been adversely applied within the two ads. From the Nike’s ad, it is critical to note the emphasis is on the functional supernatural power of skills over strength. On the other hand, Adidas’ functional benefits are emphasized by their strong boot’s ability to withstand pressure in a rugged terrain. More importantly, it is prudent to note that Nike portrays the notion of hardworking players with winning mentality and strong attitude to compete. Adidas, on the other hand, portrays dedication, passion and active involvement of individuals in any activity. From the Nike’s ad and slogan, â€Å"Just Do It!† one can deduce the fact that Nike has maintained their tradition of not only producing quality shoes for professional athletes but also emphasizing activity of jogging in the everyday life of communities. The philosophy in this ad is that sports heroes associated with Nike products can build the brand. Through these sports heroes, Nike has managed to cultivate the image that their products can enhance hard work, competitiveness, and toughness (Aaker, 2002, p.129). The end result, however, is that its all about talent that matter. Nike em phasizes on talents, while Adidas stresses on hard work. Adidas has a different approach as indicated in the ad. Founded on the culture of quality and innovation, Adidas has emphasized on strength for their sportswear products, which can withstand any weather and diversity. Adidas emphasis is on quality and ability of its products to meet any physical challenge. In other words, rather than focusing on the renowned stars, the company emphasized team spirit, strength, and power to withstand pressure. Finally, the two commercials share some common film theories in the making of their

Avoiding Plagiarism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Avoiding Plagiarism - Essay Example This reflection paper provides insight into my experience with researching, referencing, and writing academic papers. After a critical analysis of my writing skills, I discovered that I am very cautions with plagiarism. The college has strict policy against plagiarism, which could result in failure in my coursework or even expulsion in extreme situation. To avoid these consequences I have learned how to paraphrase my research, do quotations, and summarize material from secondary sources of information in my own words. According to Neville (2007), it is critical for students to write in their own voice, which is a foremost factor when trying to avoid plagiarism. I am also good at critiquing other author’s ideas. This gives me an opportunity to my make my own contribution to a certain topic by improving on literature available. I believe that every field of research needs new ideas which can be possible through evaluation of literature available and adding your own views. In addition, I take citations very seriously. I discovered that I rely heavily on auto formatting tools in word processing. The over reliance on auto formatting tools can be time consuming and reduces my ability to improve my writing style. According to Wong (2011), students should ensure they master the difference between research and plagiarism. Sometimes after extensive research on a topic, I tend to reproduce the ideas in the same format as the author, which increases my chances of plagiarizing my work. Therefore, I have to use anti plagiarism tools to ensure my work is original. This process can be time consuming and mastering how to avoid plagiarism would increase my confidence when writing academic papers. I have not perfected in text citations, I keep referring to class notes, and I use auto-formatting tools to ensure that all papers I write are cited properly. My plan is to

The Character of Arnold Friend Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Character of Arnold Friend - Essay Example For this purpose, a mention would be made of both direct quotations from the story and also views of a renowned scholar and which add strength to the argument presented by this essay. Here, it needs to be specified that the scope of this essay is confined to solely understanding the character of Arnold Friend, and not to give a detailed summary of the story. Background It was sometime in the second half of 1960s that the author happened to read about Charles Schmid, a serial killer of Arizona who murdered several girls. All these girls were in their teens. In fact, the killer was named as â€Å"The Pied Piper of Tucson†, and Joyce did not take too much of time in deciding to write a story based on the serial killings, and the title of this story is â€Å"Where are you going, Where have you been?†As a matter of fact, the character of Arnold Friend in this story clearly resembles Schmid. Just like the latter, even Arnold Friend is short and attempts to look taller by stuf fing some things in his shoes. Most importantly, in the story, even Arnold goes on to intimidate a teenage girl who was trying to keep him at bay. But here, the author brought an entirely new dimension by adding an element of supernatural phenomenon to the story, and this is what is going to elaborately analyzed in the subsequent section. (1) Analysis The aforementioned supernatural phenomenon is obvious from the narrative of story strongly suggesting that Arnold Friend is Satan himself, in disguise. There are several quotations from the story, which add weight to this argument, and it would be very much apt in having a look at some of those. When Arnold sees Connie for the first time he remarks â€Å"Gonna get you, baby†. That is definitely not a respectable way of addressing ladies, and in fact, this also subtly hints that there is an element of evil in Arnold. (2) When Connie gets worried that her family members would return home, the following is the exact situation. â₠¬Å"Arnold says â€Å"Aunt Tillie’s. Right now they’re uh—they’re drinking. Sitting around,† he said vaguely, squinting as if he were staring all the way to town and over to Aunt Tillie’s back yard. Then the vision seemed to get clear and he nodded energetically. â€Å"Yeah. Sitting around. There’s your sister in a blue dress, huh? And high heels, the poor sad bitch—nothing like you, sweetheart! And your mother’s helping some fat woman with the corn, they’re cleaning the corn—husking the corn.† (2) From the contents stated in the preceding paragraph, it is evident that Arnold Friend possesses paranormal powers. He was vividly able to see the things taking place at a distant location. In popular literature, Satan is described as a combination of these powers and evil intentions, not to mention the ability to effectively assume any form. When Connie was worriedly resisting the advances of Arnold and was trying to make sure that the door gets locked, he remarks â€Å"But why lock it? It’s just a screen door? It’s just nothing.† These words subtly focus on another power of Satan where, locked doors and windows cannot prevent him from gaining entry into a place. Although he explains by stating that breaking a screen door is not an issue for anyone, yet, in light of the contents discussed up to that point in the story, it is but obvious that the power of the evil entity is being referred to. (2) When Connie was still adamant in not yielding to Arnold’s charm, he starts threatening her by saying â€Å"You don’t want your people in any trouble, do you?† That again is a clear reflection of his grossly evil nature- a nature which is characteristic of Satan! The manner in which the story reaches its end subtly points out that he kills

Promotion and sales and marketing techniques

Promotion and sales and marketing techniques Promotion and Sales:- The term Promotion and Sales are totally interdependent on each other. Promotion is a communication link between buyers and sellers. It is a function of informing, persuading, and influencing a consumers purchase decision. Promotional activities include: media advertising, direct mail, personal selling, sales promotion and public relations. A sale consists of marketing activities other than personal selling, advertising and public relations that stimulate consumer purchasing and dealer effectiveness. Sales promotion is a subset of promotion. In other words, sales promotion is not the same thing as promotion. Promotion is a much broader term. Promotion Mix:- The Combination of promotional activities an organization uses is called promotion mix . Integrated marketing communications (IMC):- Coordination of all promotional activities to produce a unified, customer-focused promotional message. Aim:-The main role of this assignment is to examine the role of Promotion and Sales and to find out market technique. In this assignment we are analyzing the following techniques: 1. Traditional elements of the promotion mix. 2. Advertising media. 3. Steps in Business to Business Selling. 4. Steps involved in setting up a public relations programme 5. Promotional techniques used to reach customers. Traditional elements of the promotion mix: Advertising Personal Selling Sales Promotion public relations Product Product Traditional Promotional Mix The Promotional mix works like a subset of the marketing mix, with its product, distribution, promotion, and pricing elements. With the promotional mix, the marketers attempt to create an optimal blend of various elements to achieve promotional objectives. The promotional mix requires a carefully designed blend of variables to satisfy the needs of a companys customers and achieve organizational objectives. Promotional Mix: Subset of the marketing mix in which marketers attempt to achieve the optimal blending of the elements of personal and non personal selling to achieve promotional objectives. I. Personal Selling :- is the oldest form of promotion. It is conducted on a person-to-person basis with the buyer. It involves the search for new prospects and follow up service after the sale. It is mainly face to face presentation and promotions of goods and services. Its more accurately described today as helping others satisfy their wants and needs. This direct form of promotion may be conducted: a. Face-to-face b. Telephone c. Videoconferencing d . Interactive computer links between buyer and seller Benefits of Personal Selling :- The benefit of personal selling is that there is a person there to help you complete a transaction. The sales person should listen to your needs, help you reach a solution and do all that is possible to make accomplishing that solution smoother and easier. 2. Non-personal Selling a. Advertising:- is any paid, non personal communication through various media about a business firm, not-for-profit organization, product, or idea by a sponsor Identified in a message that is intended to inform or persuade members of a particular audience. Advertising primarily involves the mass media, such as newspapers, television, radio, magazines, and billboards, but also includes electronic and computerized forms of promotion such as Web commercials, CDs and DVDs, and video screens in supermarkets. b. Product Placement:- a form of non personal selling in which the marketer pays a motion picture or television program owner a fee to display his product prominently in the film or show. Through their product gets so much popularity and they get the benefit from this. So this type of non personal selling is very good for their product placement. C. Sales Promotion:- consists of marketing activities other than personal selling, advertising and public relations that stimulate consumer purchasing and dealer effectiveness. Sales promotion is a subset of promotion. In other words, sales promotion is not the same thing as promotion. Promotion is a much broader term. Sales promotion provides a short-term incentive, usually in combination with other f forms of promotion, to emphasize, assist supplement, or otherwise support the objectives of the promotional program. For example, Restaurants, including fast food establishments, often place certain items on the menu at a lower price for a limited time only. Movie promotional tie-ins are a classic example. Movies are tied into food, drinks and restaurants. Sales promotion includes the following activities: 1) Displays, 2) trade shows, 3) coupons, 4) contests, 5) samples, 6) premiums, and 7) product demonstrations. Sales Promotion can be achieved both internally ( with in the company) and externally (outside the company) Public Relations and Publicity:- Public relations refer to a firms communications and relationships with its various publics. These publics include customers, suppliers, stockholders, employees, the government, the general public, and the society in which the organization operates. It is the management function that evaluates public attitudes and procedures in response to public request. Publicity is the marketing-oriented aspect of public relations. It can be defined as non personal stimulation of demand for a good, service, person, cause, or organization through unpaid placement of significant news about it in a published medium or through a favorable presentation of it on the radio, television, or stage. Of course, bad publicity can damage a companys reputation and diminish brand equity. Public Relations has three steps:- Listen to the public Change Policies and procedures Inform people that youre being responsive to their needs. Comparison of the Four Promotional Mix Elements Personal Selling Advertising Sales Promotion Public Relations Advantages Permits measurement of effectiveness Elicits an immediate response Tailors the message to fit the customer Reaches a large group of potential consumers for a relatively low price per exposure Allows strict control over the final message Can be adapted to either mass audiences or specific audience segments Produces an immediate consumer response Attracts attention and creates product awareness Allows easy measurement of results Provides short-term sales increases Creates a positive attitude toward a product or company Enhances credibility of a product or company Disadvantages Relies almost exclusively upon the ability of the salesperson Involves high cost per contact Does not permit totally accurate measurement of results Usually cannot close sales Advertising media Advertising is a form of communication intended to persuade an audience (viewers, readers or listeners) to purchase or take some action upon products, ideals, or services. It includes the name of a product or service and how that product or service could benefit the consumer, to persuade a target market to purchase or to consume that particular brand. These brands are usually paid for or identified through sponsors and viewed via various media. It is any paid, non personal communication through various media about a business firm, not-for-profit organization, product, or idea by a sponsor Identified in a message that is intended to inform or persuade members of a particular audience. Advertising primarily involves the mass media, such as newspapers, television, radio, magazines, and billboards, but also includes electronic and computerized forms of promotion such as Web commercials, CDs and DVDs, and video screens in supermarkets. Various types of Advertising media 1 Newspapers 2 Television 3 Radio 4 Magazines 5 Outdoors 6 Direct mail 7 Internet The above described media are classified according as retail advertising, trade advertising, business to business advertising ,institutional advertising, product advertising ,comparison and online advertising. Advantages of Advertising media It reaches a large group of potential consumers for a relatively low price per exposure. Allows strict control over the final message. Can be adapted to either mass audiences or specific audience segments. Disadvantages of Advertising media Does not permit totally accurate measurement of results Usually cannot close sales. Global advertising Advertising has gone through five major stages of development: domestic, export, international, multi-national, and global. For global advertisers, there are four, potentially competing, business objectives that must be balanced when developing worldwide advertising: building a brand while speaking with one voice, developing economies of scale in the creative process, maximizing local effectiveness of ads, and increasing the companys speed of implementation. Born from the evolutionary stages of global marketing are the three primary and fundamentally different approaches to the development of global advertising executions: exporting executions, producing local executions, and importing ideas that travel.[24] Advertising research is key to determining the success of an ad in any country or region. The ability to identify which elements and/or moments of an ad that contributes to its success is how economies of scale are maximized. Once one knows what works in an ad, that idea or ideas can be imported by any other market. Market research measures, such as Flow of Attention, Flow of Emotion and branding moments provide insight into what is working in an ad in any country or region because the measures are based on the visual, not verbal, elements of the ad. Steps in business to business Selling In business to business-selling, it is critical for the sales person to known the product well to know how the product compares to competitors s products. Such product knowledge is needed before the salesperson begin the selling process. Example of this is customer relationship management software (CRM).It is useful for establishing long term relationships with customers imagining you are a software sales person showing business user the advantages of various programs .It consists of Prospect and Quality Pre approach Approach Make Presentation Answer Objectives Close Sale Follow up 1.Prospect and Quality The first step is of prospecting. Prospecting involves researching potential buyers and choosing those most likely to buy. That selection process is called qualifying. To qualify people means to make sure that they have need for product, the authority to buy and the willingness to listen to a sales message. A person who meets these criteria is called a prospect. 2.Pre approach In this approach you must learn as much as possible about customers and their wants and needs. In this gathering the information before you approach the customer is critical. As we said an example of CRM selling you would know which people are likely to buy or use it. Approach In this the main idea is to give an impression of friendly professionalism, to create rapport,, to build credibility, and to start a relationship. Often the decision of whether to use a software package depends on reliable service from the salesperson. Make Presentation In the actual presentation of the CRM software, the idea is to match the benefits of your value package to the clients needs. Various companies provide sales proposal software that include everything from power point presentations to competitive analysis. During the presentation is a great time to use testimonal to Show potential buyers that they are joining leaders in others firms in trying this software. 5 Answer Objections You should anticipate any objections the prospect may raise and determine proper responses. Think of questions as opportunities for creating better relationships, not as challenges to what youre saying. Customers may have legimate doubts and you are there to resolve those doubts. Relationships are based on trust, and trust comes from successfully and honestly working with others. it. Close Sale As a salesperson, you have limited time and cant spend forever with one potential customer answering questions and objectives. A trial close consist of a question or statement that moves the selling process towards the actual close. As you can see, salespeople must learn to close many times before a long term Relationship is established. or relationships, not as challenges to what youre saying. Customers may have legimates doubts and you are 7.Follow Up The selling process isnt over until the order is approved and the customers is happy. The sales relationship may continue for years as you respond to new request for information. Salesperson realy needs to be providers of solutions to their customers and also needs to think about happen after the sale. The follow up step includes handling customers complaints ,making sure the customers questions are answered and quickly supplying what the customers wants. Steps involved in setting up a public relations programme Public relations refer to a firms communications and relationships with its various publics. These publics include customers, suppliers, stockholders, employees, the government, the general public, and the society in which the organization operates. It is the management function that evaluates public attitudes and procedures in response to public request. Public relation is defined as the management function that evaluates public attitudes ,request and procedures in response to the public s request, and executes a program of action and information to earn public understanding And acceptance. Publicity is the marketing-oriented aspect of public relations. It can be defined as non personal stimulation of demand for a good, service, person, cause, or organization through unpaid placement of significant news about it in a published medium or through a favorable presentation of it on the radio, television, or stage. Of course, bad publicity can damage a companys reputation and diminish brand equity. Public Relations has three steps:- Listen to the public: Public relation start with good marketing research. Change Policies and procedures : Businesses dont earn understanding by bombarding the public with propaganda, they earn understanding by having programs and policies and practices in their public interest . Inform people that youre being responsive to their needs: Its not enough to simply have programs in the public interest. You have to tell the public about those programs so that they know youre being responsive Public relations has more power to influence consumers because the message comes from source that is perceived as being more trustworthy. Advantages of Publicity: Creates a positive attitude toward a product or company Enhances credibility of a product or company Disadvantages of Publicity: May not permit accurate measurement of effect on sales Involves much effort directed toward non-marketing-oriented goals 5.Promotional techniques used to reach customers There are several Promotional techniques that encourage/stimulate customers to patronize a specific retail store or to try a specific product. These promotional techniques give various benefits/bonuses to customers and these are mainly classified as 1.Coupons: This is the most common technique which usually reduce the purchase price or offered as cash. Need to state the offer clearly and make it easy to recognize. 2. HandoutAwash in Coupons Looks at the volume of coupons (323 bn) and the poor redemption rate (less than 3%). Looks at more innovative media to deliver coupons (currently over 80% are delivered via the Sunday paper).in store by the products, as customers exit the store based on purchasesdiscussed delivering coupons to customers as they enter the store, using a card that swipes to indicate past purchases. Past buying behavior is the best predictor of future buying patterns Users only redeem coupons they would ordinarily purchase. 75% of the coupons are redeemed by consumers who would buy the brand already. . 3 Demonstrations: Excellent attention getters. Labor costs are usually high. 4. Frequent User Incentives: Major airlines, helps foster customer loyalty to a specific company. Credit card companies. Trading stamps-Co-ops back in England, foster retail loyalty. 5. Point of Purchase Display: Outside signs, window displays, counter pieces, display racks. 90% of retailers believe that point of purchase materials sell products. Essential for product introductions. Also with 2/3 of purchasing decisions made in the store, they are important. 6. Free Samples: Stimulate trial of product. Increase sales volume at the early stage of the product life cycle and obtain desirable distribution .Most expensive sales promotion technique. Not appropriate for mature products and slow turnover products. 7. Money Refunds/Rebates: Submit proof of purchase and mail specific refund, usually need multiple purchase for refund. Helps promote trial use, due to the complexity of the refund, it has little impact. Customers have a poor perception of rebate offered products. Used extensively in the Auto and Computer industry. 8. Premium Items: Offered free or at minimum cost as a bonus. Used to attract competitors customers,different sizes of established products. McDonalds Last summer the following tie-in premium programs. Casper with Pepsi, Pizza Hut, Choice Hotels Congo with Taco Bell Batman Forever with McDonalds, Kelloggs , Six Flags, Sears Pocahontas with Chrysler, Nestle, General Mills, Burger King Mighty Morphin with McDonalds Cents-off Offer: Strong incentive for trying a product-very similar to coupons, but are a part of the package. Consumer Contests and Sweepstakes: Consumers compete based on their analytical or creative skills. Must be accurate or you will anger customers/retailers. Sweepstakes are prohibited in some states. Conclusion From the above discussion of various Promotion and sales technique we conclude that promotion with advertising is a part of total system approach that lead to maketing principles. Promotion and sales are interdependent on each other. It helps to increase demand for the product with a view to increase the companys sale and profit.

Essay --

INTRODUCTION Sir Alex Chapman Ferguson, a football living legend was born on 31st December, 1941 in Glasgow, Scotland. In his entire lifespan as a football player and a manager, he has been one of the most consistent and remarkable name in the game. He was a former football player at the Scottish football team and has also played for various English clubs. He became the top goal scorer by scoring 31 goals in the Scottish League. Later, in 1974, his career as a football manager got a kick start when he was elected as the manager of a team called East Stirlingshire. Afterwards, he was shifted to many clubs and was elected for the same post in the clubs including St. Mirren and Aberdeen. Also, he got elected as the manager of Scotland’s international team and led them for a year. In the year 1986 his path to glory started when he was elected as the manager of one of the most popular and one of the biggest football club of the prevailing time ‘Manchester united’. He has been on t he same post since then and his career of 26 years at Manchester United has been one of the most glorious and exciting one for any manager in the world of sports. He is charismatic, smart, and flexible and his workaholic type attitude has profited the team as a whole in so many ways and thus he is an important and influential part of the team. He has led the team on the victory path from 6 November, 1986 to 19 May, 2013 when he announced his retirement. This period witnessed the Manchester United with a win percentage of 59.67 %. â€Å"Some people do not want to work but I want to continue working.† - Sir Alex Ferguson. ACHIEVEMENTS Under Sir’s... .../authors/a/alex_ferguson.html. Last accessed 07 March 2014. Alex Ferguson Quotes | Football+science.(2014). Alex Ferguson Quotes. Available: http://footballsci.wordpress.com/quotes/alex-ferguson-quotes/. Last accessed 09 March 2014. Leadership Styles - Leadership Skills from MindTools.com. (2014). Leadership Styles - Leadership Skills from MindTools.com. Available at:http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_84.htm. Last Accessed 07 March 2014. Top 10 Quotes by Sir Alex Ferguson | Sir Alex 26 Year Anniversary. (2014). Top 10 Quotes by Sir Alex Ferguson | Sir Alex 26 Year Anniversary. Available at: http://manutddiehardfans.com/top-10-quotes-by-sir-alex-ferguson/. Last Accessed 01 March 2014. Alex Ferguson Leadership. (2014). Alex Ferguson Leadership. Available at: http://www.leadership-with-you.com/alex-ferguson-leadership.html. Last Accessed 07 March 2014.